8/16/2023 0 Comments Tactical gas mask for women![]() Thus, while the typical artillery preparation in 1917 lasted a week or even two weeks, Bruchmüller’s preparations lasted only a matter of hours, with far better effect. He was especially innovative in the way he used combinations of persistent and nonpersistent gas to neutralize selected targets. Rather than trying to destroy everything in the path of the attacking infantry, Bruchmüller focused on tightly synchronizing the fire support and the infantry scheme of maneuver to neutralize the enemy defense just long enough for the attacking infantry to overrun it. By war’s end Bruchmüller proved central to the development of almost every tactical concept of modern fire support still practiced today.īruchmüller’s greatest innovation was the shift from artillery destruction fire to neutralization fire. In his memoirs Hoffmann deemed Bruchmüller an “artillery genius.” That may have been an understatement. Georg Bruchmüller, to conduct the preliminary reconnaissance and start fire-support planning for the crossing of the Dvina. Hoffmann’s first move was to order his resident artillery expert, Lt. ![]() Hoffmann resolved to accelerate Russia’s collapse by striking at the old Hanseatic League port of Riga, on a namesake gulf of the Baltic Sea. Max Hoffmann, the General Staff officer who had been the brains behind the German victory at Tannenberg in 1914. Ober Ost was then under the nominal command of Field Marshal Prince Leopold of Bavaria but the real command was exercised by his chief of staff, the brilliant Maj. Ober Ost, the German military command on the Eastern Front, sensed Russia was ripe for the kill. The empire of Tsar Nicholas II had been on the verge of collapse ever since Russia’s humiliating defeat in the 1904–05 Russo-Japanese War, and in March 1917 the provisional government of Georgy Lvov (succeeded in July by Alexander Kerensky) finally did replace the 370-year tsarist regime. ![]() Col Georg Bruchmüller tasked the German heavy guns, such as this 15 cm sFH 13 heavy field howitzer, with destroying long-range targets, while light guns supported the infiltrating troops. On September 3 German troops marched into the city, and by September 5 little stood between Hutier’s troops and the Russian capital at Petrograd (present-day St. The Russian Twelfth Army, commanded by General Dmitri Parsky, collapsed in short order. 1, 1917, the German Eighth Army, commanded by General of the Infantry Oskar von Hutier, made an assault crossing of the Dvina River (present-day Daugava) some 15 miles east of the city. After Riga no attack-or at least no successful attack-would ever again be conducted without some variation on those tactics. The innovative offensive tactics tested by the Germans in that battle proved the key to breaking the long stalemate of trench warfare. It marked one of the turning points in the history of warfare. On the tactical level, however, Riga was even more significant. 1–5, 1917, effectively knocked Russia out of World War I. On the strategic level the Battle of Riga, fought in Latvia on Sept. As Russia Tottered on the Brink of Collapse in WWI, Germany Debuted Fire-Support Tactics That Still Inform Warfare Close
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